Kidney Stones
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Renal stones are hard deposits made of minerals and salts that are formed in the kidneys.
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Kidney stones are of several types.
Symptoms
It is usually asymptomatic at first and over time, symptoms begin to appear.
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Severe pain in the side and back, below the ribs
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Pain that radiates to the lower abdomen and groin
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Pain that comes in waves and fluctuates in intensity
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Pain on urination
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Pink, red or brown urine
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Nausea and vomiting
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Urinating more often than usual
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Urinating small amounts
Stones are diagnosed by several methods:
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Cystoscopy
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Urine analysis
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X-ray
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Renal stone analysis
Treatment
The treatment depends on the size and the cause of the stone.
1. If a small stone with minimal symptoms:
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Drink water
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Pain relievers
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Consult the GP
2. If large stones and with symptoms:
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Usage fo sound waves to break up stones
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Remove very large stones by surgery
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Remove stones by using a scope
But you can prevent the formation of stones by changing your lifestyle.
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Drink water throughout the day not less than 2 litre
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Eat fewer oxalate-rich food
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Choose a diet low in salt and animal protein
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Continue eating calcium-rich foods, but don't use calcium supplement